Spring 2025
Biomarker and genetic testing can be used to optimize treatment plans that improve quality and outcomes.
Every cancer diagnosis is influenced by a patient’s unique genetic makeup and a particular cancer’s characteristics. With the advent of personalized or precision medicine, an individual’s genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors are used to determine the most effective treatment both in terms of quality and cost. By analyzing all these factors and tailoring treatment, patients receive optimized care.
Personalized medicine relies on genomics, the study of genes and their functions. Genetic profiles can identify specific mutations driving the growth of cancer cells which is then used to select treatments that are more likely to be effective for that patient, while reducing exposure to unnecessary side effects.1 Moreover, “personalized treatments frequently result in better illness management and prognosis, which can benefit overall patient health and longevity” resulting in speedier recovery times (see Sidebar).2
Genomic profiling assists treating oncologists in a variety of ways. It can distinguish “primary tumors from metastatic lesions, aiding in treatment decisions and identification of tumor origins.” 3 In addition, “targeted treatments can be tailored to eliminate cancer cells more effectively while minimizing damage to healthy tissue. For example, mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes serve as important biomarkers for breast and ovarian cancers.” 4
Perspectives from a Clinical Pharmacist
Interview with Dr. Nahal Ghahremani, Pharm.D, APh, MS
Q: How does personalized medicine change the role of the oncology pharmacist?
NG: We no longer just verify chemotherapy orders—we’re now involved in interpreting biomarker and genomic testing results, helping select targeted therapies, and assessing the appropriateness of immunotherapies based on tumor profiles. It’s also shifted how we manage toxicity and drug interactions, since targeted agents and traditional chemotherapy often have different side effect profiles. Our clinical judgment can make sure each patient receives the most effective, evidence-based, and cost-conscious care.
Q: Describe a case where genomic testing changed the course of treatment?
NG: Initial imaging for one patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer suggested standard treatment. However, a genetic test of the tumor revealed an EGFR mutation. Instead of starting traditional chemotherapy, the oncologist initiated an EGFR-targeted oral therapy, which the patient tolerated much better and responded to quickly. Without that biomarker testing, the patient would have undergone a more toxic and likely less effective regimen. Precision oncology can improve both outcomes and quality of life.
Q: Do treatment reviews support personalized care?
NG: Treatment reviews ensure that cancer care remains aligned with the latest clinical and molecular insights. They allow the care team—oncologists, pharmacists, nurses, and genetic counselors—to re-evaluate therapy effectiveness, toxicity, and new diagnostic information like emerging resistance mutations. I often review drug tolerability, interactions, and whether there are more targeted or cost-effective options available. These reviews help us make real-time adjustments to therapy, keeping treatment as individualized and responsive as possible.
For further information, please contact:
Adam Goldston (email)
Chief Growth Officer
OPN Healthcare